Coding for Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Essay -- Coding Heart Failur

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is defined as a clinical syndrome in which the heart fails to propel blood forward normally, resulting in congestion in the pulmonary and/or systemic circulation and diminished blood flow to the tissues due to reduced cardiac output. (Berkow, M.D.) The result is that the heart does not pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. CHF can be caused by a variety of conditions that affect the heart such as: diseases or substances that weaken the heart muscle such as heart attacks, infections, or toxins; diseases that cause stiffening of the heart muscle such as hemochromatosis, amyloidosis, coronary artery disease, and long term hypertension; and diseases that increase the oxygen demand by the body tissue beyond the capability of the heart to deliver oxygen-rich blood as in hyperthyroidism or anemia. (Kulick, M.D., and Shiel Jr., M.D.) CHF can affect many different organs including the heart, lungs, liver, intestines, and subcutaneous tissues. Sy mptoms of CHF are widely varied but may include fatigue, edema especially of the ankles and legs, shortness of breath with minimal exertion, and inability to lay flat due to reduced respiratory capacity. Increased urination may occur, especially at night, and due to accumulations of fluid in the liver and intestines nausea, abdominal pain and decreased appetite may result. (Kulick, M.D., and Shiel Jr., M.D.) Although CHF is an equal opportunity disease, there are some differences noted between men and women, one of which is that women tend to develop CHF later in life than men. Women more frequently develop diastolic heart failure rather than systolic. Women often suffer more noticeable shortness of breath and swelling of the ankles than do men, and in g... ...eases- Clinical Modification. 9th Rev., 6th Ed. 1. USA: Ingenix, 2010. Print. Ingenix, Inc., Staff. "Challenges for Coding Heart Failure." Advance for Health Information Professionals. 22 May 2007: n. page. Web. 20 Nov. 2011. Kulick, M.D., F.A.C.C., F.S.C.A.I., D.L., and W.C. Shiel Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., F.A.C.R., eds. MedicineNet.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov 2011. . Starling, M.D., Randall C. The Cleveland Clinic Guide to Heart Failure. New York, NY: Kaplan, 2009. Print. unknown, . "Need to query for acute CHF lessened, thanks to new Coding Clinic." HC Pro. N.p., 30 Oct 2008. Web. 20 Nov 2011. .

Management Information System Essay

Maxis Berhad is a leading telecommunication company in Malaysia with more than 11.4 million mobile subscribers, Maxis has been providing a full suite of services on multiple platforms to fulfill the telecommunication needs of individual consumers, SMEs and large corporations in Malaysia. Other than that, Maxis Berhad is offering on postpaid services under the Maxis brand and via prepaid formast under the Hotlink. It uses the dialling prefix identifier of â€Å"012†, â€Å"014† and â€Å"017†. The uses of different brands are to support each other by synergy value. It helps Maxis Berhad to maintain and develop prepaid businesses while keep on maintaining their growth in postpaid field. Maxis Berhad is the first telecommunication company who build up integrated communication service and launched 4G LTE which is the highest internet speed in Malaysia. Besides that, Maxis Berhad is a trendy company that brings in iPhone, BlackBerry and Samsung Galaxy to the local mar ket compare to the other telecommunication companies, it helps local users to catch up their technology knowledge with other countries. In addition, Maxis Berhad is having customer service center throughout the countries, which provides conveniences to the customers for paying bills, signing up, and reporting problems. Customers are now able to reach Maxis service representatives via telephone, web and social media platforms. Maxis Berhad had significant growth and strong track record of bringing innovation and excellent customer service. Maxis Call Centre was awarded the ‘Best of the Best’ honor at the 2012 Customer Relationship Management and Contact Centre (CCAM) Annual Awards. They are the only service provider that awards scholarships to children of their own postpaid customers. Maxis Berhad had awarded as Malaysia’s Top Ten Companies: Ranked 1 – Asia’s 200 Most Admired Companies, The Wall Street Journal Asia in 2006. Morten Lundal was appointed as a Director of Maxis on 1 October 2013. Maxis Berhad currently is streamlining its organisational structure into four business areas, each with its respective head in order to strengthen their core business areas for future growth. The first area, enterprise solutions, it manages the company’s enterprise, government and SME business. For the second area is about consumer business. It is responsible for the end-to-end management of all mobile and fixed business for the consumer segment. Sales and service, the third area, focuses on customer service and channel and  supply chain management while the fourth, digital services, oversees the development of Maxis’ innovative digital media and cloud-based services including mobile apps. The four business areas will be supported in their day-to-day operations by the information services, network, finance, human resources, corporate affairs, regulatory & government affairs and legal divisions. In telecommunication industry, there are many companies to choose with, but finally our group end up with Maxis Berhad because we found that it is perform better when compared to its competitors. The primary reason that we choose Maxis Berhad as our company is due to Maxis Berhad has maintained their leadership among the telecommunication companies. They have approximately 13 million of customer during the year end 2013. They were also the first company that launched 4G LTE which is the highest internet speed in Malaysia. They always seek for new ideas and innovations by putting a lot of effort and capital on the R&D investment. Next, Maxis Berhad has achieves many awards and recognitions throughout its operations period. There are two awards we have to emphasize here due to these achievements have truly lead them to be more well known. Maxis Berhad has won the prestigious 2011 Global Telecoms Business Innovation Award for the Missed SMS Notification service in the Wireless Network Infrastructure Innovation, SMS network innovation category. Maxis is the first in the world to provide this service in partnership with Acision. Besides, Maxis Berhad has received the award, â€Å"Asia’s Best Employer Brand Award at the second Asia’s Best Employer Brand Awards year 2011† which was hosted by the Employer Branding Institute of Singapore. It succeeds in creating a culture of contribution and innovation at work and its belief in consistent improvements in Human Resources policies. Maxis was also recognised for its role in developing future leader. Part 2: Types of e-commerce used Electric commerce is commonly known as e-commerce, and it is defined as the exchange of goods, services, and money through electronic mediation using Internet technology. There are seven types of e-commerce we learnt, which are business to consumer (B2C), business to business (B2B), consumer to consumer (C2C), consumer to business (C2B), government to business (G2B), government to government (G2G), and government to consumer (G2C). First and foremost, one of the types of e-commerce used by the Maxis Berhad is the business to consumer (B2C) e-commerce. Based on the research made, there is a 80% of the internet user has looked for the goods and services to purchase in the internet, however, only 30% of them has really purchased the goods the services online as they may worry about the security system of the online payment. This trend has been observed by the Maxis Berhad and thus, the company has made a strategic decision to have collaboration with the PayPal, a popular online payment platform, to ensure that their consumers (customers) can easily and safely shop online. This will provide the convenience to their customers as the collaboration between the Maxis Berhad and the Paypal will simplify the process of the online shopping today which require the customers to repeatedly fill in payment card and contact details for each transaction or merchant. The customers can enjoy the speed of the online payment with the Maxis-PayPal account. They just need to log in with their Maxis PayPal credentials as well as their phone number to make the payment and the payment option is available online and in all major smartphone platforms, such as iPhone, Android and Blueberry. The most important thing is the customers do not need to worry about their financial details such as credit card number will be exposed to others as the process of the payment is highly secure. Besides, the business to business (B2B) e-commerce is used by the Maxis Berhad. Maxis Berhad offer an online business partnership application to those who are interested in on their main website, https://www.maxis.com.my/en/about-maxis/partnerships/business-partnership.html. On the website, the company show the brief introduction of their business partner, job description and partnership criteria to make the internet users more familiar with the business partnership which the company looks for. There are 3 types of select partners that the company desires, which are application solution provider, content provider as well as system integrator. Furthermore, the types of alliance displayed on the website are technology partners, device and hardware partners, and the consulting partners. As the appliers has been successfully selected, Maxis Berhad will collaborate with the selected business partner (applier) to create a variety of mobile services for the applier’s enterprise. Moreover, the collaboration  will generate repeatable and market-impacting mobility solutions for the selected business partners, within selected industries. There are also some benefits that the selected business partner will gain such as the leverage on the Maxis’s strong branding, leverage on Maxis’s global communications alliances, leverage on Maxis’s communications technology expertise & technology roadmap and so on. Part 3: Identify of the Information System The Information System is explained by the BusinessDictionary.com as a combination of hardware, software, data, telecommunications and trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination and decision making in an organization. According to Valacich and Schneider (2014), Information System allows an organization to be more productive and profitable. It also helps the organization to gain competitive advantage towards the competitor in the industry. Most importantly is reaching out to more customers and improve the organization service to their customers. Maxis Berhad as one of the main organizations in Malaysia telecommunications industry, its business nature will generate a huge amount of transactions, each of the transaction contains a specified subscriber’s activity such as phone calls, SMS and data roaming. Maxis Berhad has to use the various information system to help its organization to deal with their customers correctly. 1) Transaction Processing System While any transaction occurs by the subscriber, Maxis Berhad is recording those transactions and encoded into various format. The recorded transactions is called Call Data Records (CDR). The CDRs could be encoded by various formats and protocols, for examples ASN.1, XML and CSV. To allow Maxis’s Transaction processing system to function, first those encoded transaction data will be separated into batches and periodically transfer to the position where this system can process it. The Transaction Processing System is arranged and grouped into batches and periodically to check all the new transactions data batch. The TPS uses standard network protocols to transfer the CDR batch file to the TPS. TPS is responsible in ensuring the integrity of each file transferred, ensuring that no IP network errors renders the file corruption. Other than that, it also ensures the  transaction data are not corrupt and not process more than once. After the error checking complete, those subscriber’s transaction data will back up in a long term memory for future use. Some Governments require that a record of every transaction need to be stored infinitely in its raw format. Once the Maxis Transaction Processing System gathers the batch of transaction data, it will decode the data into human readable format. Followed by, enhances the information within the transaction data regarding the subscriber’s activity and have a duplicate checking. After all the transaction has been processed, it will load into a particular datastore. The decoded CDR batches are then checked for duplicate records. While the intermediate processing on the CDR batches have completed, the CDR will loaded into the specific data store, the Transaction Processing System will summarize the important detail of the CDR and ready to present those details to the Maxis management in order for Maxis management to assess the performance of Maxis Berhad. Lastly, the Transaction Processing System enables Maxis Berhad to present its company performance through the annual report to the shareholder regarding the daily operation. 2) Management Information System According to BusinessDictionary.com, Managing Information System (MIS) is refers to an organized method to understand the information needs of an organization’s management at every level in making operational, tactical, and strategic decisions. This system objective is to design and implement procedures, processes, and routines that provide suitably detailed reports in an accurate, consistent, and timely manner. In management information system, modern, computerized systems continuously gather relevant data, both from inside and outside an organization. This data is then processed, integrated, and stored in a centralized database (or data warehouse) where it is constantly updated and made available to all who have the authority to access it, in a form that suits their purpose. Managing Information System (MIS) is one of the commonly used information system by Maxis to verify the customers, recover pending bills, and distribute the bills to their customers. The information prov ided by MIS enable managers to plan and control the different strategies of Maxis in order to make better decision for the business. The purpose of MIS is to meet information needs for decision-making of all the managers in Maxis. The next objectives of MIS is  provide and set strategies and goals. Those processed data received will be used for different purposes in Maxis. Computer based MIS helps Maxis to gather process and information efficiently. Maxis using the concept of information technology to improve their overall performance and working capacity. Normally MIS is used by Maxis to process their data and present the output in different types of reports used at regular intervals. Different level of managers of Maxis is using the information to recognize the purpose of the organization, its policies, programs, plans and goals. Maxis mainly focus in Customer Verification, Recovery and Bill Distribution. Without using MIS, Maxis will face problems to check the status of customer verification, recovery or bill distributed to the customer. While using the concept of MIS, Maxis can easily determine the status and situation stated above. By developing TAT (Time Allocation Table) in MIS, the MIS executive gives predefine time to each customer verification executive to complete the case. The TAT will complete the verification case by showing the case, assigned executive, date of case allocated to executive and date limit. By using such TAT, the MIS executive or manager is able to check the status of performance of verification easily. In conclusion, MIS is one of the effective systems for collecting and managing the data for Maxis. The development of MIS for organization enables Maxis to find several types of report like pendency at executive level, pendency at agency level, the overall performance of Maxis in an effective way. 3) Electronic Commerce system According to Valacich and Schneider (2014), Electronic Commerce is defined as the exchange of goods, service and money among firms and their customers, and between customers, supported by communication technologies such as the Internet. From the previous study given, the business to customer e-commerce system (B2C) is used by Maxis Berhad. Maxis Berhad has made a world first strategic collaboration with the PayPal, the the world’s leading online payment solution provider to provide their customer a better and efficient online service. With a Maxis PayPal account, the customers can carry out the online payment faster and conveniently. They did not need to go to the Maxis store/department purposely to set off the payment, but instead, they just need to log in with their Maxis PayPal credentials or  their phone number to make the payment and this changes will provide the convenience and save the time of the customers. Besides, there are major smartphone platforms where the payment option is available, such as as iPhone, Android and Blueberry. Furthermore, the customers do not need to have the security concerns about the system and their financial details such as credit card number will be protected under the system as the process of the payment is highly secure. Morever, the business to business e-commerce system (B2B) is also implemented by the Maxis Berhad to ‘communicate’ with the potential partner. Maxis Berhad has created their own website and in the website, there is a webpage of online business partnership application which is used to attract the potential partner. The potential partner (webpage viewer) can get the enough information and details about the partnership in the webpage through the B2B system, thus, it will make them to be more confident in doing the business with the Maxis Berhad. Part 4: S W O T Analysis Strength (a) Quality of Internal and External Communications A good information system must be supported by electronic data communication network systems which are the extranet and intranet. With the proper application of intranet and extranet for their company communication management, both inside and outside party of the company especially among the staffs, customers and suppliers can exchange information more effectively and efficiently. By now, Maxis is no longer relied on papers, telephone and faxes to further convey their information to the public. (b) Quality of Planning Planning is an essential process for every business. Maxis use Management Information System (MIS) which is a computer systems used for data managing to make searching, analysing data and spring information easier. MIS are widely used by Maxis to analyse and facilitate strategic and operational activities to generate information to improve efficiency and effectiveness of decision making. (c) Quality Control and Supervision Maxis with the Transaction Processing System (TPS) and Management Information System (MIS) are built and maintained properly in their management, the activities within the business environment are constantly monitored. This is because monitoring is certainly an impact on improving control over every procedure and activities occurring within the company. By this, Maxis is able to reduce the loss of information and keep a better record of the management. (d) Quality and Responsiveness of the Competitors’ Condition Aspect of business intelligence is very important since a long time with a variety of formats and needs. Maxis in order to reach the point of rapid and appropriate response on the dynamics of the competition, they rely on the Management Information System (MIS) to require, collect, analyze and compile the information needed by decision makers in the company. With the help of information system, Maxis is able to grow and remain competitive in the telecommunication industry. (e) Customers’ Satisfaction Maxis able to easily detect the activities and behaviour of their customers with the help of Transaction Processing System. Besides, Transaction Processing System (TPI) will speed up the process so that, the time required to serve a customer can be faster. This not only helps to improve the effectiveness and efficiency in operation but also increases their customers’ satisfaction of their services. Weaknesses (a) High Maintenance Fees Information Systems such as Transactional Processing System (TPS) and Management Information System (MIS) need a high cost to maintain its operation from day to day as the company need to hire maintenance team for the maintenance to run the system smoothly. Maxis Berhad has to hire employees or technical who can accurately maintain the operation of computers, company website, and other Information Systems as well. It means that Maxis Berhad has a huge budget on the wages and maintenance fees. For example, the organisation has to hire expert technical with high wage to monitor the systems and repair it when it is broke down. This would lead to the increasing of the labour cost and directly increase the company expenses. (b) Lack of internal securities control Information outflow is one of the serious problems faced by Maxis Berhad. Customers’ information is the top priority needed to secure for the telecommunication company. Maxis Berhad has approximately 13 million of customer during the year end 2013. For example, the outflow of confidential information of Management Information System (MIS) will cause the competitors to gain competitive advantages over Maxis and directly lead to the loss of the profit. The existing of the information outflow for Maxis Berhad are when their database system attacked by the outsider or taken from the inside employees. It is because the price for the information is very high. Besides, this is a very strong weapon for the competitors. (c) Unstable Services of the Information System Maxis Berhad has launched 4G LTE, which is the highest internet speed in Malaysia. However, Maxis Berhad has received some complaints from the customers about its 4G and 3G services. Even though the quality of Maxis service has been deemed to excellent in Malaysia, but, the services is yet to be enough stable to reach the customers expectation. The network service of Maxis often drops to edge, and sometimes is very slow and even has no connection. The 3G service still has not fully cover in the Malaysia and for the new 4G service; it only covers for the few particular place. Besides, information system may not be always function perfectly. It may cause by system break down, operations interruptions and so on. (d) Poor customer services Although the distribution of the Maxis outlet is very wide and available in many places, but, not all the Maxis outlet is able to provide the sufficient customer service. For example, some of the Maxis centre is only able to let customer make the payment and deal with some small case, and customers need to travel to urban areas to get further services. For example, the small Maxis firm is unable to help the customer if the customer has loss his simcard and want and get back the number, he might need to go to the Maxis centre in order to get this service. The most important thing is the customer even need to pay for the services. Opportunities (a) Increasing Visibility to Outsider By using the e-commerce system, the message regarding to the sales can be  transmitted to the public by Maxis Berhad more effectively compared to the other communication companies. In that case, the customers can get the latest sales information of Maxis Berhad all the time through their website, those users able to get most accurate data whenever they need. E-commerce system offers different ways to present data. Therefore, Maxis Berhad is more user-friendly when it adding more features to their website. (b) Decision Making of Investment Decision making of investing Maxis Berhad can be made through the reports provided by the Managing Information System (MIS) of Maxis Berhad. Decision supported with faultless information combined with the intelligence of the company’s directors can lead to unexpected opportunities. Maxis Berhad provides their financial report to the public, so their potential investor will make decision whether to invest Maxis Berhad. (c) Speed time-to-market for new products B2C e-commerce of Maxis can introduce their new telecommunication plans more efficient in the market. When Maxis publishes their plans online, it is faster for the information to reach their customers in the market because it eliminated the time consuming processes such as printing and distributing the hard copies, flyers, leaflet and brochures to the customers. In order to compete with other potential competitors like DiGI and Celcom, Maxis have to be first letting the information of their products reach the customers. This way can lead them to have competitive advantage. (d) Focus on Market Segment Using Managing Information Systems (MIS) enable Maxis Berhad to analyse specified market, and narrow the target market in the telecommunication industry. This Managing Information Systems help organization to analyse consumers’ buying behaviour so that Maxis Berhad can efficiently advertising and marketing their business plans to the target market. (e) Lower procurement and distribution costs When there is a direct online interaction between Maxis and its customers, so this company able to understand the market better. The formation of  relationship with the customers will lead to subscribe services or purchase electronic devices from Maxis directly. As a result Maxis can get rid of the middleman; it will result in reduction in cost. At the same time, customer of Maxis will be beneficial from the reasonable price. Threats (a) Strong Competitors In telecommunication industries, there are a lot of other strong competitors such as DiGi, U-Mobile, Celcom and so on. Strong competitor is one of the threats that almost all firms will experienced. Strong competitors will offer much more benefits to the consumers which might influence Maxis’ customer choices. This will cause Maxis to suffer loss on their sales and customer. For example, consumers will prefer a lower cost telecommunication network in order to save more expenses. (b) Malicious Emails Electronic messages enable easy communications between Maxis and their customers in B2C e-commerce but most of the electronic messages today cannot be easily trusted. This is because most of the emails were sent by anonymous and they might attach some phishing links in the messages. With an accidently click of the phishing link will lead Maxis’ computer software defects bugs which will automatically infect computers without further action. (c) Identity Theft and Internet Frauds The bigger the size of the organizations and the more advance information systems used, therefore Maxis will expose to more risk regarding the frauds on the Internet. For example, Maxis will face loss of important information if they fall into the trap of identity theft that uses false credentials to obtain information, services and credit while Maxis using Transaction Processing System (TPS). When TPS is processing the transaction data, the data might be alter and be stole in the process of encoding and decoding. Leak out of important information will give a big impact to Maxis as they might lose the competitive advantages in the telecommunication industry. (d) Blended Attacks Blended attack happens when the criminals use multiple methods to beat even the best security in order to get the confidential information of a company.  Since the competitive advantages are so strong in the telecommunication industry, the hackers might hack into the Managing Information System (MIS) to obtain Maxis’ various confidential reports, Maxis will be the next victim to be hacked as the criminals leak their company’s confidential information to the competitors. Maxis will face losses of their confidential information which might affect the company’s future performance and shareholders’ confidence in their company. (e) Delivery Risk Business to Customer (B2C) as one of the e-commerce using by Maxis. While having online businesses, Maxis facing a very important issue which is how this company deliver the electronic devices. Company must be very careful in choosing the delivery methods to ensure the product reach the customer in time and no damage should be found or to minimize the damages that can be caused. For example, when Maxis deliver handphone device like Apple or Samsung to the customers, they have to ensure the deliver cost be minimized including the damages that might happen in the process of delivery. Part 5: Recommendation Weakness (a) High Maintenance Fees In the telecommunication services market, it is hard to reduce the production costs to set lower price in order to pay for the maintenances fees and compete with the others competitors such as Digi, Celcom, and U-mobile. Maxis Berhad may concentrate to focus on the product innovation and product features in order to fulfill the customer needs. For example, the launched of the 4G LTE services have huge increases in their profit. Besides, Maxis Berhad can apply for funds, discount or allowance from the government to minimize their maintenance fees. (b) Lack of internal securities control Maxis Berhad need to always update and improve their securities system in order to prevent attacked by the hackers and viruses. Maxis Berhad can hire security agencies to monitor and protect their system all the time. Besides, Maxis Berhad has to strengthen internal control policies, processes and procedures as well as monitor their employees which are responsible for the customer’s information to prevent information outflow. The information of  the customer needed to fully secure to protect the company’s image. (c) Unstable Services of the Information System Maxis has to concern about the unstable services. Most importantly, Maxis must spend for the regular upgrade and maintenance for the unstable services although the cost is very high. Besides, 3G and 4G services available place should be expanded in order to get more customers who stay at rural areas. It is because nowadays the 3G and 4G is very important, customers tend connect to internet wherever and whenever by using the services, so, the stability of 3G and 4G will be the important criteria for customers in choosing the telecommunication service. With a better 3G and 4G services and wider coverage, Maxis will have the competence to compete with the strong competitors, for example P1 wimax is a competitor of Maxis who offers cheaper packages. (d) Poor customer services Customer service plays an important role in the business especially in the telecommunication industry, with good customer service, it’s able to retain the existing customers and attract more potential customers to subscribe the Maxis services. Maxis has to make the Maxis centre become one-stop service in order to facilitate the customers and make them to be more satisfied with the Maxis service. Besides, Maxis has to promote their services and offer free services to the customer in order to attract more customers and improve company’s image. Threats (a) Strong Competitors The business nature of Maxis Berhad is oligopoly competition, which is a type of market form in which the industry (telecommunication) is dominated by a small number of sellers. Competitive relationship between the Maxis berhad and other companies is strong. Therefore, the Maxis Berhad have to aware of the actions of others and make the most suitable decision based on the decision of other company. Thus, we will recommend that the Maxis Berhad could implement the market research and analysis system to investigate their competitors as well as deploy the job costing system to control and minimize the cost of production, and indirectly, they could adjust and lower their pricing in order to gain the competitive advantage. (b) Malicious Emails The other threat is the malicious emails. In this case, we would recommend that the Maxis Berhad could create their own unique symbol or signature on the email they sent to the customers in the B2C ecommerce transaction in order to differentiate it with the malicious emails. (c) Identity Theft and Internet Frauds The identity thief and internet fraud is also one of the threats the Maxis Berhad faces. In our opinion, the company could deploy the information security management system (ISMS) to provide an additional protection on the company information to make it secure. (d) Blended Attacks The other threat is the blended attack. In order to manage the blended attack, we will recommend that the Maxis Berhad should master the urge network administrators to make it more vigilant about patch management, employ server software to detect the malware and keep updating and using the firewall products. (e) Delivery Risk The delivery risk is also a threat the Maxis Berhad needs to concern about. In our opinion, the Maxis Berhad should implement the service delivery risk management (SDRM) to enable the Maxis having a better understanding on their client profitability, cost and revenue drivers, and exception management and governance process. Part 6: Conclusion In the beginning, our group decide to choose Maxis Berhad based the company’s performance and its achievement. From the part of the type of e-commerce used by Maxis, our group found that there are two type of it which is business to consumer (B2C) and business to business (B2B). There are three type of information system used by Maxis which is transaction processing system (TPS), process all the routine transactions in the business which is necessary and able to track consumer behaviour at the same time; Managing Information System (MIS), system that produce detailed information to help manage the firm; electronic commerce system (ECS), system enable customers to buy goods and service from Maxis. From SWOT analysis above we recognise the strength part include Quality of Internal and External Communications,  Quality of Planning, Quality Control and Supervision, Quality and Responsiveness of the Competitors’ Condition and Customers’ Satisfaction. As the weakness part of the information system brings to Maxis which is High Maintenance Fees, Lack of internal securities control, and Unstable Services of the Information System and Poor customer services. The opportunities are Increasing Visibility to Outsider, Decision Making of Investment, Speed time-to-market for new products, Focus on Market Segment and Lower procurement and distribution costs. In addition, there are also five threats of the information system assist Maxis which Strong Competition, Malicious Emails, Identity Theft and Internet Frauds, Blended Attacks and Delivery Risk. Reference Artem Evgenovich Babenko, h. (2014). E-commerce Systems. ITSource. It-source.net., from http://it-source.net/en/E-commerce/ Khurana,. (2014). Is Ecommerce Right for Your Business? 36 Pros and Cons. About., from http://ecommerce.about.com/od/eCommerce-Basics/tp/Advantages-And-Disadvantages-Of-Ecommerce.htm MalaysianWireless,. (2011). Maxis won Asiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Best Employer Brand Award., from http://www.malaysianwireless.com/2011/08/maxis-asias-best-employer-brand-award/ Role of Management Information System in Telecom Agency. (2012). International Journal Of Computer Applications & Information Technology, 1(1). Themalaysianinsider.com,. (2014). Maxis streamlines organisation structure into four areas – The Malaysian Insider., from http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/business/article/maxis-streamlines-organisation-structure-into-four-areas TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS,. (2014). PROS AND CONS., from http://transactionprocessingsystem.weebly.com/pros-and-cons.html Valacic h, J., Schneider, C., & Jessup, L. (2010). Information systems today. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Winksite.mobi,. (2014). Maxis Wins Best In Consumer Innovation Award | Happenings | eNEWS July. from http://winksite.mobi/xhtml/ms_fo_pg_v?fid=34148&id=24628&susid=39495&s=1&s2=1

Questioning the Truth of the News Essays - 4176 Words

INTRO/PROBLEMS The window to the world can be covered by a newspaper,† this quote by Polish writer Stanislaw Lec sums up the problem with the news media. It is the job of the news media to provide the public with news events happening around the world. Without these news reports, people would be oblivious to what is going on around them. Our lives rest in the medias hands, and they are fully aware of this. The news is a very competitive business, and because of this what gets reported is not necessarily what the story is. Since there are different journalists reporting on the same events, each newspaper and newscast has its own way and style of reporting. They also have different gate keeping processes that make them unique. They may†¦show more content†¦The media focus on a few major news events and talk about them nonstop, until something new comes along and the old stories are forgotten about. A good example of this has to do with the events after the September 11th attacks. Presi dent Bush was ready instantly after the attacks to send troops to Afghanistan to fight the war on terrorism. After a few weeks of news coverage about the war on terrorism, our troops were all of a sudden being sent to Iraq because apparently they had weapons of mass destruction there. After the news about Iraq, Afghanistan was nothing but a memory. According to a news article in USA Today, written by Dave Moniz (2002), there are still soldiers in Afghanistan, yet we never hear anything about them. This is the main job of the news media. They give us the topics to form our opinions about. If it is not in the news, then it is not supposed to be important to the people. Well if this is the case, then what about the people that have members of their families over in Afghanistan? Are they not important? Another major problem with the news media is that different news groups report on the stories that are going to give them the best ratings, therefore all the news stations report on the same stories in order to try and out do the other. One major example of when news stories get altered or even possibly reported wrong is during a crisis. When a crisis is reported on, every news organization tries to get the news first,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Matrix 1277 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie â€Å"The Matrix† holds a melange of axioms that portray the state of humankind today. The Financial Matrix† though the most vivid of these is not singular. Another that is just as captivating to the masses is the questioning of reality. If you’ve seen the movie you’ll recall that Neo goes with Morpheus to visit the Oracle to see if he is â€Å"The One† who will save humanity from the machines. In the Oracle’s home are a number of young children with extraordinary mind powers who are potentialRead MoreCriminal Justice Interrogation Techniques Have Evolved From A Crude Abusive Practice1193 Words   |  5 Pagesofficers who train in these techniques have shown increased accuracy when determining if a subject is telling the truth; however, these highly trained officers are sometime too efficient, causing innocent subjects to believe they have perpetrated a crime. Legislators are working to combat this phenomenon. The Imposing-Cognitive-Load Approach When an interrogation subject does not tell the truth, creating and remembering a fictional story places a heavy load on their mental faculties. They must continuallyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Wild Swans At Coole 1004 Words   |  5 Pagesstruggles and his search for truth are evident in the increasingly complex form of his poetry which challenges existing perspectives on mortality as well as philosophy on beauty and art in order to find new ways of perceiving the world. In ‘Wild Swans at Coole’ (1919), Yeats urges his readers to discover the inevitability of mortality through the guidance of his personal questioning; transience of natural beauty and art also encompasses an aspect of his search for truth. ‘Among School Children’ (1928)Read MoreNature Of Philosophy : The Nature Of Philosophy1333 Words   |  6 Pagesknowledge and what we do with the information we receive from our experience on a day to day basis and how we process this information. 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However, the theories and principles developed by the two philosophers are vastly different in regard to the concept of truth, Socrates would hate Machiavelli’s model prince due to Machiavelli’s manipulative view of truth. While Socrates desired a state that focuses on fundamental truth and ethical decisions, MachiavelliRead MoreThe Invisible Man Essay1026 Words   |  5 Pagestime invoking an inward questioning of the roles an individual plays within such an order. The main character is forced to conform to the clichà © laws and expectations of the laws and expectations of the society that he lives in, in order to survive and function within them, while he privately goes against these societies in order to define themselves as individuals and uncover the truth about those societies that they live in. The outward conformity and inwar d questioning constantly clash, causingRead More Skepticism Essays1139 Words   |  5 Pageshe knew nothing. So he would never go about making any assertions or opinions whatsoever. Instead, he set about questioning people who claimed to have knowledge, ostensibly for the purpose of learning from them, using a judicial cross-examination, called elenchus . If someone made an assertion, such as, Virtue means acting in accordance with public morality, he would keep questioning the speaker until he had forced him into a contradiction. As in a court of law, this contradiction proved that theRead MoreEssay about Plato’s Five Dialogues and Applications of Today’s Society 1185 Words   |  5 Pagesrequired of him (Desjardins 33). When questioning Euthyphro, Socrates makes an effort to truly find out from this religious man what holiness is. After engaging him for a while, Euthyphro is frustrated and leaves the conversation an angry man. This way of throwing doubt on someone ’s beliefs is what Socrates’ signature way of argument became. In today’s society, Socrates way of argument, referred to as the ‘sting ray’ method, is used by those that believe that the truth is subject to several ways of interpretation

South Street Seaweed Report Essay - 706 Words

South Street Seaweed Report Prasenjit Saha Chem lab 106 2/6/13 Spring 2014 Prasenjit Saha, Abdullah Sharif I. Warmup Questions 1. Coffee beans are crushed into small pieces, water is added to it and the mixture is heated over a flame. What do you think would happen to the coffee bean as it interacts with the water? Explain. Essentially the warm water will run through the coffee beans and extract its properties. The flavor of the coffee beans would disperse into the water. The water would change color and smell like the coffee beans as these properties are drained from the coffee beans. 2. What would happen to the water if instead of coffee beans, strips†¦show more content†¦Procedure 1. Weigh five grams seaweed. 2. Wash the seaweed to get rid of Monosodium Glutamate 3. Boil the seaweed in 40 ml water for 5 minutes 4. Filter the seaweed and collect about 3 ml solution 5. Pour the solution to a clean beaker, then add 3 crystals of iodine 6. After 10 min utes, conduct the observation test V. Observations of all tests Standards Iodine Test Light Purple Iodide Test Yellowish milky white, some precipitate Triiodide Test BrownishShow MoreRelatedRetail Marketing Case Study - the Body Shop in Hong Kong5586 Words   |  23 PagesRecommendation 5. Conclusion 6. References 1 2 2 3 6 7 8 8 9 11 12 13 14 23 24 Appendices 26 Executive Summary In Hong Kong, the concept of sustainability is not popular in the retailing industry, especially in the store design. Therefore, this report is to study the sustainability of retailing in Hong Kong about the store design. Firstly, the literature review explains that what sustainability and store design is. Sustainability is defined as the ability maintaining the certain status or processRead MoreLululemon Marketing3100 Words   |  13 Pagesyour laundry expense; eliminate the chance of using plastic bags, and decrease pollution and wastes. Place As the business expand into a global market, Lululemon has been building up relationships with, the United States, China, Taiwan, South Korea, South America, Israel, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. This relationship is formed for the cause of manufacturing partnerships in order to support demand for capacity and technological capability. Lululemon has followed to illustrate a strong, ethicalRead MoreAre Protectionist Policies Beneficiak to Business? Essay10942 Words   |  44 PagesStreet−Street: Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Management, Third Edition IV. Environmental and International Management Issues 18. Are Protectionist  © The McGraw−Hill Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Management, Third Edition Policies Beneficial to Companies, 2010 Business? 101 ISSUE 18 Are Protectionist Policies Beneï ¬ cial to Business? YES: Ha-Joon Chang, from â€Å"Protecting the Global Poor,† Prospect Magazine ( July 2007) NO: Robert Krol, from â€Å"Trade, Protectionism, and the US Economy:Read MoreOh My Siomai15123 Words   |  61 Pagesthat we have lots of prospective customers to look up to. The store is situated at the Philippine – Japan Friendship Centre Manila Building located at Ricardo Papa St. Sampaloc, Manila. University Belt primarily Morayta is considerably the busiest street in the vicinity of the store, having several students and employees pass by and various highly visited establishments such as different building of schools, computer shops, gymnasium and many others it is really considered as a factor why we decidedRead MoreIn Plant Training Report on Textile Industry10085 Words   |  41 PagesIN-PLANT TRAINING REPORT AT ARTHANARI LOOM CENTRE TEXTILE PRIVATE LIMITED TRAINING REPORT Submitted by T.SARANYA Register no: 098001612043 In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION In DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES PAAVAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE PACHAL, NAMAKKAL-637 018 JULY 2010 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE PAAVAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES IN-PLANT TRAINING REPORT JULY 2010 This is to certify that the training report THE IN-PLANTRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesper-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data HartleyRead MoreLululemon Athletica Inc.: Annual Report44040 Words   |  177 PagesTable of Contents       UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington,  D.C. 20549       Form  10-K    à ¾ |ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION  13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934| For the fiscal year ended January 29, 2012 OR     ¨ |TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION  13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934| For the transition period from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Commission file number 001-33608       lululemon athletica inc. 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Movie Analysis My Mom Was A Dreamer - 2251 Words

Good evening league members! It s such a pleasure to be here with an extraordinary organization that has empowered people for decades. Before I go on to discuss my film, I d like to tell you the story of the path that led me to a journey in film-making. It would start with my mom, Margaret. She had a wicked sense of humor, a big infectious laugh and she loved movies. As a kid growing up in the Bahamas, she spent her entire Saturdays at the theater. Those were days when you could see a cartoon and three features films – all for less than one dollar. Some of her favorite actors of the day were Bette Davis, Rock Hudson and Jennifer Jones (who I m named after). My mom was a dreamer. She lived in a world of movie fan magazines,†¦show more content†¦The big takeaway from the book was that movie industry is a tough business. Becoming an independent filmmaker is the only viable option for breaking into the industry. And getting projects funded is all but impossible – unless you are Woody Allen or Martin Scorsese. Translation, don t even bother trying, kid. So I didn t and filed that dream away. Having no real plans for the future, I attended New York University and majored in Women Studies. I left with an undergraduate degree in Liberal Arts and had landed a string of jobs, some more interesting than others. I ve worked at a company named Uniworld Group, which was one of the country s oldest black advertising agencies in the country. At one point I was employed at a non-profit named The Ludwig Cancer Research. The organization was founded by the billionaire Daniel Ludwig who was a shipping magnate and real estate investor back in the day 1970 s. And for a time, I was also employed at Hadassah in Marketing and Communications division. So what finally got me on the course to film-making? I came across an article about a filmmaker named Spike Lee. He was an upstart who had a knack for making controversial statements. But Spike said what no one else ever had. He said that Hollywood was an exclusive club that kept women and people of color on the perimeters. He said that the art of making movies was not a big mystery. And yes,Show MoreRelatedThe Wolf Of Wall Street Essay1753 Words   |  8 Pagesout of a completely unethical film. I will be discussing my own thoughts and perspectives revolved around the movie, from reasons and circumstances that leads to an unethical life, to outcomes of it and much more. The Wolf of Wall Street is a black comedy, dramatic film featuring the great Martin Scorsese as a director, starring Leonardo Di Caprio. Leonardo Di Caprio plays the role of Jordan Belfort, â€Å"The Wolf of Wall Street†. The movie is set in the 1980’s – 1990’s, handling a true story, theRead MoreCase on the Disney Brand14200 Words   |  57 PagesKey Words: Brand Extension, Expansion into New Geographies. Brand Culture, Brand Symbols, Semiotics Analysis. Study of ‘Disney’: Strategies and factors that helped build the iconic brand. Group 7 Archana Menon 2008 09 A Chandan Pansari 2008 12 A Ranjani Mani 2008 43 A Sumita Das 2008 55 A INDEX Introduction ..........................................................................................................................4 Licensing ..............................................Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesSENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No

Expertise Based Skill Management Model for Effective Project

Questions: a) Demonstrate an awareness of concepts and theories associated with the subject through the production of subject related work. Subject - Specific Skills b) Demonstrate an understanding of how to present, evaluate and interpret qualitative and quantitative data. c) Demonstrate the application of key subject skills in the production of work. d) Use subject related equipment, materials, software and learning environments appropriately. Answers: Business organizations look for a number of management skills in the job aspirants while making recruitments in vacant positions: the following section provides glimpse of such necessary management skills: Communication skills: It is a well known fact that the executive managers are responsible for transforming their ideas into strategic decisions, while middle managers are responsible for the execution of the strategies (Chen 2015). The line managers are held responsible of the final task of allocating tasks to the resources and guiding them to perform the activities. Thus, managers operating across all these levels require several communication skills for functioning in the optimal manner. Problem solving skills: Employees assigned with specific projects are bound to come across several problems while conducting their operational activities: needless to say that their imminent supervisors would be responsible for solving such issues (Anwar, Bibi and Ahsan 2013). On the other hand, the market conditions often present various problematic situations to the organizational operations of business houses: executive managers play key roles in resolving such situations. Thus, problem solving skills are essential for managers operating across all levels of an organization. Organizational Skills: In small and middle scaled organizations, middle and line managers are generally made responsible for several projects at a time: thus they themselves must be organized, besides having the skills required to delegate the tasks associated with the parallel running projects and manage the resources in an organized manner (Burke 2013). Thus, organizational skills are one of the must-haves for all resources working in managerial positions. b: Qualitative data: Presentation: The findings of a qualitative research can be presented in the following manners: The key findings can be mentioned under main themes and verbatim quotes can be used to support the findings. Discussions regarding the findings can be made in a separate chapter (Toolkit.pellinstitute.org 2016). The discussions can also be made in the Findings chapter: in this case the verbatim quotes need not be included. Evaluation and interpretation: The evaluation and interpretation of qualitative data can be conducted through the following steps: The collected data should be arranged according to the theme of the research work (Virg.vanderbilt.edu 2016). The response patterns must be identified. The data must be analyzed so as to find the relationship among them and to realize what new information can be derived from the information (Cimt.plymouth.ac.uk 2016). Quantitative data: Presentation: The results or findings of quantitative research works are presented using the following tools: Data can be presented in tables (Virg.vanderbilt.edu 2016). Data can be presented in graphs and charts. Figure 1: Presentation of quantitative data (Source: Toolkit.pellinstitute.org 2016). Evaluation and interpretation: The following methods can be utilized for the analysis and evaluation of quantitative data: Frequency distribution Central tendency Variation among the information that has benne collected (Cimt.plymouth.ac.uk 2016). The interpretation of quantitative data can be conducted through the following steps: The identification of patterns present in the data. The identification of the deviations in data patterns. Fining the significance of the data patterns (Toolkit.pellinstitute.org 2016). c: The application of key skills in practical work situations have been discussed in the following section: Communication skills: Managers associated with small and large scale organizations require to communicate with both their superiors and subordinates in order to perform the following activities: Transform their ideas into executable work definitions and convey them to the subordinates (Anwar, Bibi and Ahsan 2013). Develop activities and assign resources to each such work activity (Turner 2014). iii. Provide proper guidance to the subordinates such that they are capable of performing their responsibilities. Submit reports to the superiors regarding the progress made in each of the projects. Accessing information from appropriate sources: Developing the time schedule, resource and budgetary requirements of any project is one of the major functionalities that project managers are responsible of. Needless to say, assumptions of such requirements are solely based on the information collected from various other sources, for example, like that of the information available from documents of similar projects (Virg.vanderbilt.edu 2016). Thus, the ability access information from appropriate source and to incorporate the same in the organizational activities functions plays a vital role in managerial operations. Source acknowledgement: As mentioned in the above section, most of the assumptions made in the beginning of any project are based on the information collected from similar other sources: thus acknowledgement of such sources becomes mandatory in case further information need to be accessed (Mandinach and Cline 2013). d: Designing training and development programs for the employees, in order to develop their technical and management skills, in of the major responsibilities of project managers. Besides this, the newly recruited employees need to be included in such training programs so as to provide them with information regarding the operational activities of the organization (Fraser 2015). Thus, the utilization of subject related equipment and materials become necessary for all project managers. On the other hand, the utilization of various software tools becomes necessary during the planning phase of the project: such tools are put to use during assessing the budgetary and other resource requirements of the project and while allocating these resources to the activities associated with the project. Software tools are also put to use while monitoring the progress made in the project and submitting the reports of the activities performed by the team members. The incorporation of proper learning environments in facilities the following processes: Providing appropriate training to the employees (Anwar, Bibi and Ahsan 2013). To develop such essential skills in the employees which would required while functioning in the organization (Mandinach and Cline 2013). To impart first hand work experience in the newly recruited employees that would help them to work efficiently in the practical situations (Burke 2013). References Anwar, Z., Bibi, N. and Ahsan, A., 2013, November. Expertise based skill management model for effective project resource allocation under stress in software industry of Pakistan. InInformation Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII), 2013 6th International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 509-513). IEEE. Burke, R., 2013.Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA. Chen, S., 2015. Skill Management. InDos and Donts in Human Resources Management(pp. 41-42). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Cimt.plymouth.ac.uk, (2016). Unit 18 Section 1 : Presentation of Quantitative Data. [online] Cimt.plymouth.ac.uk. Available at: https://www.cimt.plymouth.ac.uk/projects/mepres/book7/bk7i18/bk7_18i1.htm [Accessed 22 Feb. 2016]. Fraser, B., 2015. Classroom learning environments. InEncyclopedia of Science Education(pp. 154-157). Springer Netherlands. Mandinach, E.B. and Cline, H.F., 2013.Classroom dynamics: Implementing a technology-based learning environment. Routledge. Toolkit.pellinstitute.or, (2016). Analyze Qualitative Data Pell Institute. [online] Toolkit.pellinstitute.org. Available at: https://toolkit.pellinstitute.org/evaluation-guide/analyze/analyze-qualitative-data/ [Accessed 22 Feb. 2016]. Turner, J.R., 2014.The handbook of project-based management(Vol. 92). McGraw-hill. Virg.vanderbilt.edu, (2016). Vanderbilt Institutional Research Group. [online] Virg.vanderbilt.edu. Available at: https://virg.vanderbilt.edu/ [Accessed 22 Feb. 2016].

Polypropylene Fibers Essays (631 words) - Composite Materials

Polypropylene Fibers POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS IN CONCRETE CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH PAPER MARCH 5, 1996 According to major supplies, ?Use of synthetic fibers for reinforcing concrete is continuously, increasing. The increase has been considerable since 1980, but slowed somewhat in 1990, a year of substantial construction cutbacks. Apparently the construction community believes there are advantages in the use of synthetic fibers in concrete.? (Schupack) Synthetic fibers are used to improve crack control in concrete. Some reports say that synthetic fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) would replace welded wire fabric in many slab-on-grade applications. But in reality if the welded wire fabric is placed properly it controls crack width better than the synthetic fiber reinforced concrete. In a case study of the use of synthetic fibers in reinforced concrete, the following conclusions were obtained. No matter what concrete placing job is being done, there is no substitute for good concrete practices. The use of a low fiber volume mix will help control plastic shrinkage cracks and bleeding, but not give good cracking control once the crack forms. The synthetic fibers running through a crack have a poor bond providing no shear friction. Impact and toughness tests on synthetic fiber reinforced concrete imply less edge spalling will occur. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) conducted two studies on polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete, one dealing with plastic shrinkage cracking and the other on permeability characteristics. Plastic shrinkage cracking occurs when the surface water on the concrete evaporates faster than the bleed water reaches the surface of the concrete. It was determined by the plastic shrinking cracking study that polypropylene fibers helped reduce the total plastic shrinkage crack area on test panels. Also determined is that the screeding rate affects the total crack area in polypropylene reinforced concrete, while finishing operations showed no significant effects. This study also suggests the use of longer fibers (about 0.75in.) will produce less crack area. ?Permeability plays an important role in long-term durability of concrete materials. Permeability of concrete generally refers to the rate at which particular aggressive substances (water, sulfates, chloride ions, etc.) can flow through the concrete.? (Soroushian) As discussed in the plastic shrinkage study that polypropylene fibers reduce cracking. Less cracking in the concrete surface that surface would be less permeable. In the permeability study, they concentrated on the effects of chloride and the permeability of the concrete. The results of this study concluded polypropylene fibers had little effects on chloride permeability of concrete. The polypropylene fibers only help reduce plastic shrinkage cracks. In residential construction, polypropylene fibers have been in use since the mid-to-late 1970s. Polypropylene fibers are used for their high tensile strength and low cost. These fibers fit into two categories, for early plastic shrinkage and for improved long-term crack control. One of the first residential applications of polypropylene fibers was in western Pennsylvania, in March of 1979. Fibers were used in all the flat work of the residence. Polypropylene fibers have gained acceptance by residential home builders due to its flexibility and its ability to conform to forms. Home builders say polypropylene fibers help them sell more concrete by reducing the potential risks of cracking. The use of polypropylene does not compensate for the lack of good design, water/cement ratios, temperature and wind conditions. One important thing to remember is nothing replaces good concrete practices. WORKS CITED Schupack, Morris, and William R. Stanley. ?Seven Case Studies of Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Slabs.? Concrete International Feb. 1992:50-56. Soroushian, Parviz., Faiz Mirza, and Abdulraman Alhozaimy. ?Permeability Characteristics of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete.? ACI Materials Journal 92(1995):291-295. Mirza, Faiz., Parviz Soroushian, and Abdulraman Alhozaimy. ?Plastic Shrinkage Cracking of Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete.? ACI Materials Journal 92(1995):553-560. Biddle, Daniel T. ?Fiber Reinforcement in Residential Concrete.? Concrete International Feb. 1991:46-47. Engineering